Aratohu Takirere Pūrerehua Tiaki Ahi

He mea tino noa ngā takirere pūrerehua tiaki ahi i roto i ngā pūnaha tinei ahi o ngā whare.

Ko te nuinga o te wā ka whakamahia hei whakahaere i te rere o te wai. Ka tere te whakatuwhera me te kati. He iti, he ngāwari hoki te tāuta.

Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā takirere kuaha, ki ngā takirere porowhita rānei, he iti ake te kaha whakahaere e hiahiatia ana e ngā takirere pūrerehua. Nā tēnei ka tino pai mō ngā paipa whānui.
He maha ngā wā ka kitea ēnei i runga i ngā paipa matua o ngā pūnaha waipēhi ahi o roto, ngā pūnaha tauhiuhi aunoa, ngā putanga papu ahi, ngā pūnaha tuku wai kua rohea, me ngā puna ahi o waho.
Kei ngā wāhi katoa o ngā pūnaha ahi ēnei mea. Nā konei, he maha ngā wā kāore i te whakaarohia he mea noa iho.

1. He aha te mea e "Paerewai Ahi" ai te Rerewē Pūrerehua

1.1 Te Whakamāramatanga o te Takirere Pūrerehua Ārai Ahi.

Ko ngā takirere pūrerehua tiaki ahi e kiia ana ko ngā takirere pūrerehua tohu ahi, ko ngā takirere ahi motuhake rānei.

Kāore te takirere pūrerehua tiaki ahi e tautuhia ana e tōna āhua, e tōna ingoa rānei.
E pā ana tēnei ki tētahi takirere pūrerehua e tika ana mō te whakamahi i roto i ngā pūnaha tinei ahi. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka whakamahia hei whakahaere i te rere o te wai i roto i ngā paipa waipū, i ngā paipa pīni rānei.

Ko te rerekētanga matua mai i te takirere pūrerehua noa ko tēnei:
Ka taea e ia te tuku tohu whakatuwhera, kati rānei i te wā tūturu ki te pokapū whakahaere ahi.

Hei tāpiritanga, me mahi pono te takirere pūrerehua tiaki ahi i raro i ngā āhuatanga pūnaha ahi tino kino, tae atu ki:

*Pēhanga pumau mō te wā roa
*Ka piki ohorere te pēhanga ina tīmata te papu ahi
*Hama wai i te wā e whakahaerehia ana te takirere, e whakawhiti pūnaha rānei
* Mahi pono i roto i ngā āhuatanga ohorere

1.2 He aha i whakamahia ai ngā takirere pūrerehua i roto i ngā pūnaha ahi?

Mahi 90-tohu mō te urupare tere
He iti te ātete kōpae me te ngaronga pēhanga whakahaere
He iti ake te utu i ngā takirere kēti mō ngā rahi nui

2. Ngā Momo me ngā Rauemi Noa o ngā Takirere Pūrerehua Tiaki Ahi

Ko te nuinga o ngā takirere pūrerehua tiaki ahi he momo awaawa, he momo flanged rānei.
Kei a rātou ngā tohu tūnga. Ka taea te tuku i te tūnga tuwhera me te tūnga kati ki te rūma whakahaere ahi.

2.1 Ngā Momo Hononga

2.1.1 Takirere Pūrerehua Āwhata

Ka tapahia ngā awaawa ki ngā pito o te paipa, ā, ka honoa ki ngā hononga.
He tere te tāutanga, ā, kāore e hiahiatia he whakarewa.
Takirere pūrerehua momo awaawahe pai mō ngā whare hou me ngā whakahoutanga o te papaanga.
Neke atu i te 80% o ngā pūnaha ahi e whakamahi ana i tēnei momo.

2.1.2 Takirere Pūrerehua Angiangi

Tetakirere momo angaKāore he āputa o te tinana, ā, e piri tika ana ki waenganui i ngā āputa o ngā paipa e rua.

Ko te mea iti rawa, ko te mea māmā rawa, engari me whakarite tika i te wā e tāuta ana.

2.1.3 Takirere Pūrerehua Flanged

He flange ngā pito e rua, ā, he pūtu te mea e mau ai.
He pono te hiri, ā, he watea te tiaki.
Ka whakamahia pinepine tēnei momo mō ngā paipa pēhanga teitei ake, mō ngā paipa nunui ake rānei.

2.2 Ngā Momo Hiri

2.2.1 Takirere Pūrerehua Noho Ngāwari

He hiri rapa te mea e whakamahia ana. He pai te whakaweto.
He pai mō te wai parakore i te pāmahana noa.

2.2.2 Takirere Pūrerehua Nohoanga Whakarewa

Te whakarewa-ki-te-whakarewahiri. He pai ake mō te pēhanga teitei.
He pai mō te wai kei roto pea ngā poke.

Mō ngā rauemi, ko te tinana takirere he rino ngāwari me te paninga epoxy hei ārai i te waikura.
He rino ngāwari te kōpae, he paninga nikara, he maitai kore waikura rānei.
He kowiri tira te kakau.

He roa te noho pūmau o te wai ahi. He nui te mōrearea o te waikura.
Ko ēnei rauemi he mea whiriwhiri mō te roa o te ora ratonga.

3. Ngā Whakatauranga Pēhanga Matua i roto i ngā Pūnaha Tiaki Ahi

3.1 Teitei o te Rehu Ariā i raro i te Pēhanga

I te nuinga o ngā kaupapa ahi, ko te PN16 te whakatauranga pēhanga taunoa.

E ai ki te paerewa Hainamana GB 50974 – Waehere mō te Hoahoa o ngā Pūnaha Tuku Wai Ahi me ngā Pūnaha Waipēhi, ko te pēhanga mahi o ngā pūnaha ahi o roto kei waenga i te 1.0 MPa me te 1.6 MPa.

Mō ngā whare teitei, mō ngā wāhi nunui rānei, ka teitei ake pea te pēhanga.
Heoi anō, kua kapi kē te nuinga o ngā whare noa i te PN16.

He tokomaha te hunga e pātai ana me pēhea te nui o te wai e pupuhi ana i raro i tēnei pēhanga.
Hei tauira, i raro i te pēhanga PN16, ka taea e te wai te tae ki te 163 mita te teitei poutū.

Ka tatauhia tēnei uara mā te whakamahi i te tātai:

h = P / (ρ × g)

Kei hea:
P = 1.6 × 10⁶ Pa
ρ (kiato wai) ≈ 1000 kg/m³
karamu ≈ 9.81 m/s²

Hua i tatauhia:
h ≈ 163 m

I ngā āhuatanga tūturu, ka whakaitihia te teitei e te ātete o te pūwero, te waku o te hau, me te ngaronga o ngā paipa.
Ko te teitei tuturu o te rehu he 140–150 mita te nuinga.
He rawaka tēnei mō te nuinga o ngā whare, pērā i ngā whare teitei me ngā toa hokohoko.

3.2 Teitei Tuturu o te Rehu i roto i te Mahi Hangarau

I roto i ngā pūnaha ahi, ehara te pēhanga i te mea ariā.
He hononga tika ki te teitei o te whare.

Whai muri i te whakaaro ki ngā ngaronga o ngā paipa, ngā tawhā haumaru, me ngā rerekētanga o te pēhanga i puta mai i te tīmatanga me te whakamutu o te papu, ko ngā uara e whai ake nei e whakaaetia whānuitia ana:

Nā tēnei, ko te PN16 te kōwhiringa tino haumaru, tino iti hoki te utu.

3.3 Ngā Whakatauranga Pēhanga Noa i roto i ngā Kaupapa Ahi

Ngā pūnaha wai whakapūkara ahi o roto → PN16
Ngā pūnaha pupuhi wai aunoa → PN16
Ngā pūtake ahi o waho → PN16, teitei ake rānei
Ngā raina tukunga papu ahi → PN20 / PN25 i ētahi kaupapa

Mena he iti iho te whakatauranga pēhanga i te PN16,
kāore pea i te rawaka te taha haumaru o te pūnaha i ngā wā ohorere.