Ko te nohoanga takirere o te takirere pūrerehua he wāhanga hiri matua i roto i te takirere pūrerehua. Ko tana mahi matua he whakapiri atu ki te pereti pūrerehua (kōpae takirere) me te hanga i te mata hiri ina kati te takirere hei ārai i te turuturu waenga. Ina koa, ko tenohoanga takirere pūrerehuaka taea te tāuta ki te pakitara o roto o te tinana takirere, ka hangaia rānei kia whakauruhia ki te pereti pūrerehua, me te whakawhirinaki ki tōna rauemi me te hanganga hei whakatutuki i te pānga hiri pai.
1. Whakataki o te Whakarōpūtanga Nohoanga o te takirere pūrerehua
1. 1 Te whakarōpūtanga mā te rauemi
A. Nohoanga takirere ngohengohe rapa
Ko te tikanga e pā ana ki ngā rauemi pēnei i te rapa, te silicone, te polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
Ngā Painga: he pai te mahi hiri, he tere te urupare, he pai mō ngā pāmahana iti, te pēhanga iti me ngā pāpāho waikura iti (haunga te PTFE).
Ngā huakore: te ātete ngoikore ki te kakahu, he iti te roa o te ora ratonga nā te koroheketanga o ngā rauemi.
B. Nohoanga takirere whakarewa
He mea hanga ki te kowiri tira, te maitai waro, ētahi atu mea whakarewa rānei.
Ngā Painga: te ātete ki te pāmahana teitei, te ātete ki te pēhanga teitei, te ātete kaha ki te kakahu, he pai mō ngā āhuatanga mahi uaua.
Ngā ngoikoretanga: he nui ngā whakaritenga mō te hiri whakarewa-ki-whakarewa, he tino tika te tukatuka me ngā whakaritenga tāutanga.
C. Nohoanga takirere hiato
Ka whakakotahi i ngā painga o te konganuku me ngā rauemi ngohengohe, ko te nuinga o te wā ka hipokina te hanganga konganuku ki ngā rauemi pīngore pērā i te karāpeti.
Ehara i te mea ka taea anake te whakarite i te mahi hiri pai, engari ka whakapai ake hoki i te ātete kakahu me te roa o te ratonga.
1.2. Te whakarōpūtanga mā te āhua hanganga
A. Nohoanga whakamuri mārō
He mea hanga ngātahi te nohoanga takirere me te tuara, he māmā noa te hanganga, ā, ka piri pai te mata hiri ki te tinana takirere.
Ko te ngoikoretanga o tēneinohoanga takirere tuara mārōarā, ina kua tawhito, kua tawhito rānei te nohoanga takirere, me wetewete te takirere pūrerehua katoa hei whakakapinga.
B. Nohoanga ngohengohe ka taea te tango
Tenohoanga takirere ngohengohehe hoahoa hiku-honohono tōna, ā, ka taea te wetewete me te whakakapi motuhake.
Ko te painga he ngāwari ki te tiaki me te whakaroa i te roa o te ora o te takirere pūrerehua katoa.
1.3. E ai ki te hoahoa motuhake
A. Takirere pūrerehua rerekē takirua
Ka neke te pereti pūrerehua i runga i ngā toki rerekē e rua ina katia hei whakaiti i te waku e pā ana ki te nohoanga takirere.
Ko ngā painga ko te iti o te kakahu, te roa o te ora o te nohoanga takirere, me te pai ake o te mahi hiri.
B. Takirere pūrerehua rerekē toru
Mā te hoahoa anō i runga i te āhua rerekē takirua ka taea e te pereti pūrerehua me te nohoanga takirere whakarewa te whakatutuki i te pa tika o te whakarewa-ki-te-whakarewa.
Ka taea e ia te whakatutuki i te pānga kore turuturu tūturu, ā, he pai hoki mō ngā āhuatanga mahi e hiahiatia ana (pēnei i te pāmahana teitei me te pēhanga teitei).
He rerekē ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana, ā-matū hoki o ngā momo rauemi nohoanga takirere, ā, he pai mō ngā āhuatanga mahi rerekē. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka akohia, ka whakatauritea hoki ngā momo matua, te mahi me ngā whakamahinga o ngā nohoanga takirere rapa.
Ko ngā nohoanga takirere rapa e whakamahia whānuitia ana i te mākete ko NBR, EPDM, VITON (FKM), rapa tūturu (NR), silicone (Rapa Silicone), polyurethane (PU), rapa nitrile hauwai (HNBR), HYPALON (CSM), PTFE:
2. Te Whakataurite i ngā Āhuatanga Rauemi o te Nohoanga Takirere
| Rauemi | NBR (Rapa Nitrile) | EPDM (Rapa Monomer Ethylene Propylene Diene) | VITON (FKM/Rapa Warowaihā) | NR (Rapa Taiao) | Rapa Hiraka | PU (Polyurethane) | HNBR (Rapa Nitrile Hauwai) | HYPALON (CSM/Rapa Polyethylene Chlorosulfonated) | PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene, Teflon) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ātete Hinu | Tino pai | rawakore | Tino pai (ātete ki ngā wahie me ngā matū) | rawakore | rawakore | Waenga | Tino pai (ātete ki te hinu, te wahie, me ngā hinu whakahinuhinu) | Waenga | Tino pai (te ātete matū pai rawa atu) |
| Ātete Matū | He āhua taurite, ātete ki ngā waikawa me ngā kawakore ngawari | Tino pai (ātete ki ngā waikawa, ngā kawakore, me ngā matū whakahāwea) | Tino pai (ātete ki ngā waikawa, ngā kawakore, ngā whakarewa waro) | Waenga | Tino pai (ātete ki ngā matū whakahāwea, kāore e paitini) | Waenga | Pai (ātete ki ngā waikawa me ngā kawakore ngawari) | Tino pai (ātete ki ngā waikawa, ngā kawakore, me ngā matū whakahāwea) | Tino pai (ātete ki ngā matū katoa) |
| Awhe Pāmahana (°C) | -30 ~ 100 | -40 ~ 120 (tae noa ki te 150) | -20 ~ 200 | -50 ~ 70 | -60 ~ 230 | -30 ~ 80 | -40 ~ 150 | -40 ~ 130 | -200 ~ 260 |
| Ātete Kakahu | Pai | Waenga | Pai | Tino pai (ātete ki te kakahu) | Waenga | Tino pai (te ātete pai ki te kakahu) | Tino pai | Pai | Kino (ngāwari te memeha) |
| Ātete Wai | Waenga | Tino pai (he pai mō te wai wera me te mamaoa) | Waenga | Pai | Tino pai (kai kounga) | Waenga | Pai | Tino pai | Tino pai (ātete wai) |
| Ātete ki te Huarere (UV/Ozone) | rawakore (ka tere te pakeke) | Tino pai (he ātete ki te huarere) | Pai | Waenga | Tino pai (ātete ki te huarere kino) | Waenga | Tino pai (he ātete ki te huarere) | Tino pai (ātete pai ki te huarere) | Tino pai (ātete ki te UV me te koroheketanga) |
| Ngāwari | Pai | Tino pai | Waenga | Tino pai | Tino pai | Pai | Tino pai | Pai | Mārō (iti te waku) |
| Ngā Taupānga Matua | Wahie, hinu whakahinuhinu, pūnaha hinu waipēhi, hiri ahumahi | Ngā pūnaha tuku wai me te rerenga wai, ngā paipa matū, ngā pūnaha mamaoa, ngā taputapu o waho | Ngā tono matū pāmahana-tiketike, ngā pūnaha wahie, te rererangi, ngā matū hinu | Te keri, ngā taputapu ātete-kakahu, ngā arai miihini | Kai, rongoā, hiri hikohiko, tono pāmahana teitei me te pāmahana iti | Hiri ā-mīhini, taputapu ātete-kakahu, keri maina, pūnaha waipēhi | Matū matū, ahumahi motuka, hiri hinu pāmahana teitei | Ahumahi matū, taiao waikura, taputapu o waho, hiri ātete-ozone | Ngā matū waikura kaha, ngā rongoā, te hiri kai-papa, te hiri pāmahana-tiketike |
3. Ngā Tikanga Mahi e Tika ana mō ngā Rauemi Nohoanga Takirere
| Rauemi | Ātete Wahie/Hinu | Ātete Waikawa/Pūtake | Ātete Pāmahana-Teitei | Ātete Pāmahana-Iti | Ātete Wai | Ātete Kakahu | Ātete ki te Huarere (Waho, Ozone) | Kai-Kounga |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NBR | ✔ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✔ | ❌ | ❌ |
| EPDM | ❌ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ❌ | ✔ | ✔ |
| WĪTON | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ❌ | ❌ | ✔ | ✔ | ❌ |
| NR | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ❌ | ❌ |
| Hiraka | ❌ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ❌ | ✔ | ✔ |
| PU | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✔ | ❌ | ❌ |
| HNBR | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ❌ |
| HYPALON | ❌ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ❌ |
| PTFE | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ❌ | ✔ | ✔ |
4. Ngā Taunakitanga mō te Kōwhiringa Rauemi
· Mō ngā tono hinu, hinu waipēhi rānei→ NBR, HNBR, VITON
· Mō te ātete waikawa/pūtake me te ātete matū → EPDM, HYPALON, VITON, PTFE
· Mō te ātete pāmahana teitei (>150°C)→ VITON, Silicone, HYPALON, PTFE
· Mō ngā whakamahinga pāmahana iti (<-40°C)→ NR, Silicone, PTFE
· Mō te ātete nui ki te kakahu me te pakū (keri, mīhini) → NR, PU, HNBR
· Mō te wai inu me ngā tono kai-papa → EPDM, Silicone, PTFE
· Mō te ātete ki waho me te ātete ki te ozone → EPDM, HYPALON, Silicone, PTFE
5. Whakamutunga
· NBR (Rapa Nitrile): He pai rawa atu mō ngā mahi hinu pēnei i te wahie, te hinu waipēhi, engari kāore e pai mō ngā pāmahana tiketike me ngā waikawa/kawae.
· EPDM (Rapa Ethylene Propylene): He mea tino pai mō ngā pūnaha maimoatanga wai, matū, me te mamaoa; he tino ātete ki te huarere engari kāore e ātete ki te hinu.
· VITON (Rapa Fluorocarbon): He tino pai mō ngā pāmahana teitei, ngā waikawa/kawa kaha, me ngā whakamahinga wahie.
· NR (Rapa Taiao): He ātete pai ki te pakū, e whakamahia ana i roto i te maina me te mīhini engari kāore e ātete ki ngā matū.
· Rapa Hiraka: He tino pai mō ngā pāmahana teitei/iti, he haumaru mō te kai, engari kāore i te ātete ki te pakaru.
· PU (Polyurethane): Pai rawa atu mō te ātete ki te kakahu kino, e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā hiri waipēhi me ngā mahi keri.
· HNBR (Rapa Nitrile Hauwai): He pai ake i te NBR i roto i ngā mahi pāmahana teitei me te kakahu, e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā ahumahi hinu matū.
· HYPALON (Rapa CSM/Polyethylene Chlorosulfonated): He pai rawa atu mō te ātete ki te waikawa/turanga me te pānga ki te huarere, he pai hoki mō te hiri matū me te ātete ki te ozone.
· PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene): Ko te mea tino ātete ki ngā matū, he mea tino pai mō ngā pāmahana teitei, ngā taiao waikura, me te tukatuka kai.