Ka whakamahia ngā takirere pūrerehua hei tīmata, hei whakamutu, hei whakahaere rānei i te rere o ngā wai, o ngā hau rānei i roto i ngā paipa. I ahu mai tō rātou ingoa i te kōpae rite ki te parirau e hurihuri ana i roto i te tinana takirere, e rite ana ki te nekehanga o te pūrerehua. I roto i ngā momo takirere pūrerehua rerekē, ko ngā takirere pūrerehua mahi teitei (HPBV) me ngā takirere pūrerehua porowhita ngā hoahoa e rua e tino kitea ana. Mā tēnei whakatairite ka wehewehea ngā rerekētanga i waenga i ngā mea e rua mai i ngā āhuatanga maha hei whakamārama i ō rāua tūranga i roto i ngā tono ahumahi me ngā tono ā-tāone.
| Āhuatanga | Takirere Pūrerehua Kōpikopiko | Takirere Pūrerehua Mahi-Teitei |
| Hoahoa | Te kākano me te kōpae o waenganui | Kātua whakawhiti me te nohoanga whakarewa |
| Tikanga Hiri | Nohoanga ngohengohe elastomeric | Nohoanga RPTFE |
| Whakatauranga Pēhanga | Tae atu ki te 250 PSI | Tae atu ki te 600 PSI |
| Whakatauranga Pāmahana | Tae atu ki te 180°C (356°F) | Tae atu ki te 260°C (536°F) |
| Te Mau me te Haehae | Teitei ake nā te pā o te nohoanga | He iti ake nā te hoahoa taurite |
| Te Whaihua o te Taupānga | Ngā wai pēhanga iti | Ngā wai pēhanga-waenga, pāmahana-tiketike |
| Utu | I raro | Teitei ake |
1. Hoahoa me te Hanganga
Ko te rerekētanga matua i waenga i ngā takirere pūrerehua porowhita me ngā takirere pūrerehua mahi-teitei kei roto i ō rātou hoahoa hanganga, inā koa te tūranga o te kakau takirere me te kōpae takirere e pā ana ki te tinana takirere me ngā rauemi i whakamahia.
1.1 Ngā Takirere Pūrerehua Kōpikopiko
Ko te hoahoa porowhita e mōhiotia ana ko te takirere "kore-whakawhiti" "nohoanga pakari" rānei, e whakahāngai ana i te kakau takirere me te kōpae takirere ki waenganui o te tinana takirere me te pū o te paipa. Kāore he pekapeka o tēnei whakahāngaitanga pokapū.
1.1.1 Te Nekehanga Kōpae
Ka huri te kōpae 90° i te tuaka o te kakau takirere, ka neke mai i te tuwhera katoa (whakarara ki te paipa) ki te kati katoa (poutū ki te paipa) puta noa i tōna awhe nekehanga.
1.1.2 Tikanga Hiri
Ka tutuki te hiri mā te whakaurunga pokanoa i waenganui i te taha o te kōpae takirere me te nohoanga takirere rite ki te rapa pakari (pērā i te EPDM, te kiriaku, te rapa fluoro rānei) e whakarārangi ana i te mata o roto o te tinana takirere.
1.1.3 Ngā Rauemi
Ko te tinana takirere he mea hanga i ngā rauemi kaha, ātete ki te waikura pērā i te rino maka, te rino ngāwari, te maitai kore waikura rānei mō ngā mahi māmā ake, nā te mea ka ārai te nohoanga takirere rapa i te pa o te wai ki te tinana takirere.
Tērā pea he kowiri tira te kōpae, he konumohe parahi, he rino ngāwari kua pania, he mea whakakikorua katoa rānei ki te konganuku, i runga i te kaha o te waikura o te wai.
1.2 Ngā Takirere Pūrerehua Mahi-Teitei
He hoahoa takirua-whakawhitinga te tikanga me ngā whakawhitinga matua e rua:
Kei muri i te kōpae te kakau, kaua i waenganui o te kōpae, ā,
Kua wehea te kōpae me te huinga kakau mai i te rārangi pokapū o te poka paipa.
Kei roto i ētahi putanga matatau ngā taupatupatu takitoru, engari ko te taupatupatu takirua te paerewa mō ngā tauira mahi-teitei.
1.2.1 Te Nekehanga Kōpae
Nā te rerekētanga, ka huri te kōpae kia rite ki te kāmera, ka whakaiti i te pa atu ki te nohoanga.
1.2.2 Tikanga Hiri
He mea hanga te nohoanga ki ngā rauemi pakari ake, pērā i te Teflon kua whakapakaritia, hei tu atu i ngā pēhanga me ngā pāmahana teitei ake. He rerekē ki te nohoanga rapa i roto i te takirere porowhita, he piri ake te hiri, ā, he iti ake te whakawhirinaki ki te whakarerekētanga.
1.2.3 Ngā Rauemi
He mea hanga te tinana me te kōpae ki ngā konganuku kaha, pērā i te maitai kore waikura, te maitai waro, ngā koranu rānei, hei tū atu ki ngā āhuatanga kino.
1.3 Whakarāpopototanga: Ngā Pānga o te Hoahoa
Nā te māmā o te takirere porowhita e māmā ai, e kiato ai, e pai ai mō te tāutanga tika. Heoi, nā te mea e whakawhirinaki ana ki te nohoanga rapa ka taea te whakarerekē te āhua, ka whakawhāitihia tōna ngāwari.
Mā te hoahoa taurite me ngā rauemi kaha ake o ngā takirere mahi-teitei ka whakarei ake i tō rātou pakari me te ngāwari ki te urutau, engari ka nui ake te uaua me te taumaha.
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2. Ngā Āheinga Mahi
Ko te mahi te āhuatanga tino rerekē o ēnei takirere, ā, koinei te mea e tino whakanuia ana, e arohia ana hoki e ngā kaiwhakamahi. Ina koa, ka tātarihia i runga i te pēhanga, te pāmahana, te pānga hiri me te roa o te mahi.
2.1 Ngā Takirere Pūrerehua Kōpikopiko
2.1.1 Ngā Whakatauranga Pēhanga
Ka taea e ngā takirere pūrerehua porowhita te tu atu i ngā pēhanga tae atu ki te PN16, engari ka rerekē tēnei i runga i te rahi me te rauemi. Ki runga ake i tēnei pēhanga, ka rerekē pea te āhua o te nohoanga rapa, ka pakaru rānei.
2.1.2 Ngā Whakatauranga Pāmahana
Ko te pāmahana mōrahi ko te 356°F (180°C), e herea ana e ngā rohe wera o te nohoanga rapa, PTFE rānei. Ka whakaitihia te mahi a te elastomer e ngā pāmahana teitei, ā, ka whakararu i te hiri.
2.1.3 Te mahi hiri
Ka taea e ia te whakarato i te katinga pono i roto i ngā pūnaha pēhanga iti, engari ka pakaru te pūnaha mā te waku tonu i waenga i te kōpae takirere me te nohoanga takirere, ka whakaiti i te whai huatanga.
2.1.4 Te Whakaiti i te Whakamahinga
I te mea he pai ake ngā takirere pūrerehua mō te whakatuwheratanga me te kati katoa, ki te whakamahia hei whakahaere i te rere, ka tere ake te pakaru o te nohoanga takirere mēnā ka roa te whakawhāiti, ka iti ake te tika, ka kore hoki e roa.
2.1.5 Te pakari
Nā te mea he ngāwari ake, he pakari ake ngā nohoanga takirere whakarewa, he mea whakapakari rānei i te rapa. Ka roa ake te ora o te mahi mā te hoahoa āputaputa mā te whakawhāiti i te waku.
2.2 Takirere pūrerehua mahi-teitei
2.2.1 Te whakatauranga pēhanga
Nā tōna hanganga pakari me te hoahoa āwhati e whakaiti ana i te ahotea i runga i te nohoanga takirere, ka taea e ia te tu atu i ngā pēhanga tae atu ki te PN16.
2.2.2 Te whakatauranga pāmahana
Nā te mea kei te whakamahia te RPTFE e te nohoanga takirere, ka taea e ia te mahi whai hua i ngā pāmahana tae atu ki te 536°F (280°C).
2.2.3 Te mahi hiri
Nā te tika o te taunga o te kōpae takirere āpiti me te nohoanga takirere pakari, tata kore rawa he turuturu, ā, he tata tonu ki te kati ā-hau. Nā tēnei ka pai mō ngā mahi nui.
2.2.4 Te Whakaiti i te Whakamahinga
Mā te hanganga me ngā rauemi e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā takirere pūrerehua mahi-teitei ka taea e rātou te whakahaere tika i te rere ahakoa i ngā pēhanga teitei. Mā te whakaiti i te pa o te nohoanga ka whakaitihia te pakaru me te pupuri i te pumau o te hiri i roto i ngā huringa maha.
2.2.5 Te pakari
Nā te mea he pakari ake, he pakari ake ngā nohoanga whakarewa, he nohoanga whakapakari rānei i te rapa. Ka roa ake te ora o te nohoanga nā te hoahoa āputaputa mā te whakawhāiti i te waku.
2.3 Whakarāpopototanga: Ngā Kaupapa Matua o te Mahi
He pai ngā takirere porowhita mō ngā āhuatanga pēhanga iti, pumau, engari ka rahua i ngā pēhanga reo me te teitei.
Ka tukuna e ngā takirere mahi-teitei te pono me te roa o te ratonga i te utu tīmatanga teitei ake.
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3. Ngā tono
Ko te kōwhiringa i waenga i ngā takirere pūrerehua raina waenga me ngā takirere pūrerehua mahi-tiketike, ka whakawhirinaki ki ngā hiahia motuhake o te pūnaha e tāutahia ana.
3.1 Ngā Takirere Pūrerehua Kōpikopiko
Mō ngā pūnaha pēhanga/pāmahana iti ki te waenga, ko te utu me te ngāwari ngā mea nui.
Ngā Whakamahinga Noa:
- Wai me te Wai Para: Ka whai hua ngā puna wai ā-tāone, ngā pūnaha whakamakuku me ngā pūnaha para i te ohanga me te wehe i te wai.
- Kai me te Rongoā: Ka ārai ngā nohoanga rapa i ngā wai tairongo kei poke i te tinana takirere.
- Tukunga Hau: Ka whakamahia e ngā raina hau pēhanga iti hei whakahaere whakaweto/whakakā.
- Parenga Ahi: Ka whakamahia e ngā pūnaha pīni wai te tere o te mahi me te pono i ngā pēhanga reo.
- Kohu Pēhanga-Iti: Mō te kohu tae atu ki te 250 PSI me te 350°F.
3.2 Ngā Takirere Pūrerehua Mahi-Teitei
Mō ngā pēhanga iti-waenga, mō ngā pūnaha nui rānei e hiahia ana ki te tika me te roa.
Ngā Whakamahinga Noa:
- Hinu me te Hau: Ka whakahaere i ngā matū kino, ngā matū hinu, me ngā āhuatanga takutai moana me ngā pēhanga teitei me ngā wai waikura.
- Te Whakaputa Hiko: Te whakahaere i te mamaoa pēhanga teitei me te wai whakamatao i roto i ngā tāpine me ngā poiha.
- Tukatuka Matū: Ka ātete ki ngā wai waikura, ā, ka mau tonu te kati i roto i ngā taiao pūngāwerewere.
- HVAC: Mō ngā pūnaha nunui e hiahia ana ki te whakahaere rere tika.
- Hanga kaipuke: Ka ātete ki ngā āhuatanga o te moana me te whakahaere wai pēhanga teitei.
3.3 Te Taupatupatu me ngā Rerekētanga o te Taupānga
Ahakoa e whakahaere ana ngā takirere e rua i te rere, ko ngā takirere porowhita te mea nui i roto i ngā taiao utu-iti, iti ake te tono, ko ngā takirere mahi-teitei ia e pai ake ana mō ngā tukanga ahumahi ka pā kino pea ngā hua kino o te korenga.
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4. Ngā Whakaaro Whakahaere
Haunga te hoahoa me te whakamahinga, ka whai wāhi anō hoki ngā āhuatanga mahi pēnei i te tāutanga, te tiaki, me te whakaurunga o te pūnaha.
4.1 Tāutanga
- Pūtahi: He māmā ake te tāutanga nā te mama ake, me te ngāwari ake hoki o te hototahi ki ngā flange.
- Mahi-teitei: Me whakarite kia tika te whakarārangi nā te hoahoa āputaputa, ā, me kaha ake te tautoko mō tōna taumaha.
4.2 Te Tiaki
- Pūtake: Ko te arotahi o te tiaki ko te whakakapi i te nohoanga rapa, he tikanga whakatika tere, he iti hoki te utu. Heoi, mā te pakaru pinepine ka roa ake te wā e kore ai e whakamahia ngā pūnaha huringa-teitei.
- Mahi-teitei: He iti ake te auau o te tiaki nā te pakari o te nohoanga, engari he nui ake te utu me te hangarau o ngā whakatikatika (hei tauira, te whakakapi i te nohoanga), ā, me whai kaimahi tiaki ngaio me ngā taputapu motuhake.
4.3 Te Hekenga Pēhanga
- Porowhita: Ka nui ake te aueue o ngā kōpae pokapū ina tuwhera ā-wāhanga, ka whakaiti i te pai o te whakawhāiti i ngā mahi.
- Te Mahi Teitei: Ka whakapai ake ngā kōpae taurite i ngā āhuatanga rere, ka whakaiti i te cavitation me te hekenga pēhanga, inā koa i ngā tere teitei.
4.4 Te Whakaoho
Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā takirere e rua me ngā kaiwhakaoho ā-ringa, hau, hiko rānei, engari he maha ngā wā ka honoa ngā takirere mahi-teitei me ngā mana whakahaere matatau mō te aunoatanga tika i roto i ngā tautuhinga ahumahi.
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5. Te Tātari Utu me te Huringa Ora
5.1 Te Utu Tīmatanga
He iti ake te utu o ngā takirere porowhita nā te mea he māmā noa iho te hanga, ā, he iti ake ngā rauemi e whakamahia ana. Kāore tēnei i te āhua mō ngā takirere pūrerehua mahi-teitei.
5.2 Te Utu o te Huringa Ora
Ko ngā takirere mahi-teitei he nui ake te ōhanga i te nuinga o te wā nā te mea he iti ake te auau o te tiaki me te whakakapi. I roto i ngā pūnaha tino nui, ka taea hoki e tō rātou pono te whakaiti i ngā utu mō te wā kore mahi.
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6. Whakamutunga: Whakarāpopototanga o ngā Painga me ngā Huakore
6.1 Takirere Pūrerehua Kōpikopiko
6.1.1 Ngā Painga:
- Te whai huatanga o te utu: Nā te iti o ngā utu hanga me ngā utu rauemi ka whai hua ki te tahua iti.
- Hoahoa māmā: He māmā te tāuta, te whakahaere, me te tiaki, me te iti ake o ngā wāhanga e neke ana.
- Wehewehenga Wai: Mā ngā nohoanga rapa e tiaki te tinana takirere, e āhei ai te whakamahi i ngā rauemi iti ake te utu, ā, e pupuri ana i te parakore o te wai.
- Māmā: He pai mō ngā mahi e aro nui ana ki te taumaha.
6.1.2 Ngā Huakore:
- Te whānuitanga iti: Ko ngā rohenga teitei ko te 250 PSI me te 356°F, e whakawhāiti ana i tōna whakamahinga ki ngā āhuatanga kino.
- Ngāwari ki te mau: Ka heke te mahi a te nohoanga i te waku tonu, ā, me nui ake te tiaki i ia wā.
- Mahi whakawhāiti pēhanga teitei ngoikore: Ka ngaro te tika me te hiri i raro i te pēhanga.
6.2 Ngā Takirere Pūrerehua Mahi-Teitei
6.2.1 Ngā Painga:
- Te Kaha Nui: Ka taea te tu atu i ngā pēhanga reo-rahi ki te teitei (tae atu ki te 600 PSI) me ngā pāmahana (tae atu ki te 536°F).
- Roa te Ora Ratonga: Ka iti ake te pakaru o te nohoanga, ā, ka roa ake te ora ratonga nā ngā rauemi pakari.
- Te tino tika: He tino pai te whakatere me te whakaweto ahakoa i roto i ngā āhuatanga uaua.
- Ngā mahi maha: He pai mō ngā momo wai me ngā taiao.
6.2.2 Ngā Huakore:
- Te Utu Teitei: Ka nui ake te haumitanga tuatahi nā te utu nui o ngā rauemi me te hoahoa uaua.
- Te Uauatanga: Me nui ake te tohungatanga e hiahiatia ana mō te tāutanga me te whakatika.
- Taumaha: Ka uaua pea te whakahou i ētahi pūnaha mēnā he taumaha te hanganga.
He rerekē ngā wāhi e whakamahia ana e ngā takirere pūrerehua porowhita me ngā takirere pūrerehua mahi-teitei i roto i te whakahaere wai. Nā te hoahoa nohoanga rapa kore-whakataurite o te takirere porowhita, he mea whai hua, he mea utu nui hoki mō ngā tono ngāwari pērā i te tuku wai, te tukatuka kai, te tiaki ahi rānei. Mena kāore e taea te whiriwhiri i te mahi me te manawanui, ko te takirere pūrerehua mahi-teitei te otinga. Mō ngā tono huna (pērā i ngā paipa raro whenua), ka taea te whakamahi i ngā tikanga e rua, engari ko te taumaha mama me te utu iti o te takirere porowhita te nuinga o te wā ka nui ake mēnā kāore e hiahiatia he rerekētanga e ngā āhuatanga tino kino.