I roto i te rāngai whakahaere wai ahumahi,ngā takirere pūrerehuaHe mahi nui tā rātou ki te whakahaere, ki te ārahi, me te wehe i te rere o ngā wai, ngā hau, me ngā paru i roto i ngā paipa. Ko te takirere pūrerehua he momo hononga, he takirere whakauru kei ngā pito e rua o te tinana takirere, e āhei ai te hononga pūmau ki ngā takirere paipa.
Ko te tikanga hurihanga hauwhā-huri o tetakirere pūrerehua flangede wehewehe ana i a ia i ngā takirere rārangi pērā i ngā takirere kuaha, ngā takirere porowhita rānei, e tuku ana i ngā painga o te tere me te whai hua o te wāhi.
Ka rukuhia e tēnei tuhinga ngā taipitopito o ngā takirere pūrerehua flanged, e kapi ana i ō rātou hoahoa, momo, rauemi, tono, painga me ngā ngoikoretanga, tāutanga, tiaki, whakataurite ki ētahi atu takirere, me ngā au o muri mai.
1. Whakamāramatanga me te Mātāpono Whakahaere
Ko te takirere pūrerehua he takirere hurihuri 90-tohu, ā, he kōpae tōna e whakahaere ana i te rere o te wai mā te hurihanga o te kakau. Kei te tinana takirere he takirere i ngā pito e rua hei hono tika i ngā hononga pūtu ki te paipa. Kei ngā takirere pūrerehua he takirere teitei, papatahi rānei me ngā kōhao pūtu, e whakarato ana i tētahi hononga pakari ake, pumau ake hoki e tika ana mō ngā tono pēhanga iti, waenga, me te teitei, tae atu ki ngā diameter iti, waenga, me te nui.
He māmā noa iho te kaupapa whakahaere, ā, he whai hua hoki. Kei roto i te takirere he tinana takirere, he kōpae takirere, he kakau takirere, he nohoanga takirere, me te kaiwhakaoho. Ina whakahaerehia he kakau, he taputapu rānei, ina hurihia rānei te kakau takirere e te kaiwhakaoho aunoa, ka huri te kōpae takirere mai i te tūranga whakarara ki te ara rere (tuwhera katoa) ki te tūranga poutū (katia katoa). I te tūranga tuwhera, ka whakaritea te kōpae takirere ki te tuaka paipa, ka whakaitihia te ātete rere me te ngaronga pēhanga. Ina kati, ka hiritia te kōpae takirere ki te nohoanga i roto i te tinana takirere.
Mā tēnei tikanga ka taea te whakahaere tere i te takirere, me te huri noa i te 90-tohu, kia tere ake ai i ngā takirere maha-hurihanga. Ka taea e ngā takirere pūrerehua flanged te whakahaere i te rere o ngā taha e rua, ā, he maha ngā wā ka whakauruhia ki ngā nohoanga pakari, ki ngā nohoanga whakarewa rānei hei whakarite kia kati pai. Nā te hoahoa e tino pai ana mō ngā pūnaha e hiahia ana ki te whakawhiti pinepine, ki ngā wāhi iti rānei te wāhi.
2. Ngā Wāhanga
Ko ngā wāhanga matua ko:
- Tinana TakirereKo te whare o waho, he hanganga takirua-rua te nuinga, e whakarato ana i ngā hononga hanganga me te pupuri i ngā wāhanga o roto. Ka whakamahia te maitai waro mō te whakamahinga whānui, te maitai kore waikura mō te ātete ki te waikura, te parahi nikara-konumohe mō ngā taiao moana, me te maitai koranu mō ngā āhuatanga tino kino.
- Kōpae Takirere:Ko te wāhanga hurihuri, e wātea ana i roto i ngā hoahoa angiangi, papatahi rānei, hei whakahaere i te rere. Ka taea te whakatō ki waenganui, te whakatō rānei i te kōpae hei whakapai ake i te mahi. He kowiri tira, he konumohe parahi, he pania rānei ki te nairona hei whakapai ake i te ātete ki te kakahu.
- KākanoKo te pou e hono ana i te kōpae takirere ki te kaiwhakaoho ka tuku i te kaha hurihuri. Ka taea e te kowiri tira, te koranu kaha-teitei rānei te tu atu ki te taipana.
Ko ngā kakau mā roto, e rua rānei ngā wahi e whakamahia ana, he hiri kei roto hei ārai i te turuturu.
- NohoangaHe mea hanga te mata hiri ki tētahi rauemi elastomeric pērā i te EPDM, te PTFE rānei. EPDM (-20°F ki te 250°F), BUNA-N (0°F ki te 200°F), Viton (-10°F ki te 400°F), PTFE rānei (-100°F ki te 450°E whakamahia ana te F) mō ngā hiri ngohengohe; ko ngā rauemi konganuku pēnei i te maitai kore waikura, te Inconel rānei, e whakamahia ana mō ngā hiri mārō pāmahana teitei.
- KaiwhakaohoE whakahaerehia ana e te ringa (kakau, taputapu) e whakamahia ana rānei e te hiko (hauātea, hiko).
- Te tākai me ngā gasketsMe whakarite kia piri te hiri i waenga i ngā wāhanga me ngā hononga flange.
Ka mahi tahi ēnei wāhanga hei whakarato i te whakahaere rere pono.
3. Ngā Momo o ngā Takirere Pūrerehua Flanged
Ka taea te whakarōpū i ngā takirere pūrerehua flanged penei i runga i te whakaritenga o te kōpae, te tikanga whakaoho, me te momo tinana.
3.1 Te Whakaritenga
- Porowhita (kore taurite): Ka toro atu te kakau takirere mā waenganui o te kōpae, ā, he nohoanga pakari tōna. He pai tēnei takirere mō ngā tono pēhanga iti me ngā pāmahana tae atu ki te 250°F.
- Taurite takirua: Kei muri i te kōpae te kakau takirere, ā, kei waho i te pokapū, ka whakaiti i te pakaru o te nohoanga. He pai tēnei takirere mō ngā tono pēhanga-waenga me ngā pāmahana tae atu ki te 400°F.
- Taurite toru: Mā te koki nohoanga whakarara kua whakanuia ake ka hangaia he hiri whakarewa-ki-whakarewa. He pai tēnei takirere mō te pēhanga teitei (tae atu ki te Akomanga 600) me te pāmahana teitei (tae atu ki te 1200°F) ngā tono, ā, e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga kore-tātari.
3.2 Tikanga Whakaoho
Ko ngā momo whakahaere ko te ā-ringa, te hau, te hiko, me te waipēhi hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga whakahaere.
4. Ngā tono ahumahi
E whakamahia whānuitia ana ngā takirere pūrerehua flanged i roto i ngā rāngai e whai ake nei:
- Te Maimoatanga Wai me te Wai Para: Whakamahia hei whakahaere i te rere o ngā wai i roto i ngā whare maimoatanga me ngā pūnaha whakahurihuri. - Te Tukatuka Matū: Me whakamahi ngā rauemi ātete-waikura hei whakahaere i ngā waikawa, ngā kawakore, me ngā whakarewa.
- Hinu me te Hau: Ngā paipa mō te hinu mata, te hau māori, me ngā tukanga whakamahine.
- Ngā Pūnaha HVAC: Ka whakahaere i te rere o te hau me te wai i roto i ngā whatunga whakamahana me te whakamatao.
- Te Whakaputa Hiko: Whakahaere i te mamaoa, te wai whakamatao, me te wahie.
- Kai me te Inu: He hoahoa akuaku mō te whakahaere i te wai ātete.
- Rongoā: Whakahaere tika i roto i ngā taiao parakore.
- Moana me te Penupenu me te Pepa: Whakamahia mō te wai moana, te penupenu, me te tukatuka matū.
5. Ngā Painga me ngā Huakore o ngā Takirere Pūrerehua Flange
5.1 Ngā Painga:
- He kiato, he mama hoki, ka whakaiti i ngā utu tāutanga me te hiahia wāhi.
- Te tere o te mahi hauwhā-huringa me te urupare tere.
- He iti ake te utu mō ngā diameter nui ake.
- He iti te mate pēhanga ina tuwhera, he penapena pūngao, he whai hua hoki.
- He pai mō te whakawhiti wai me te mahi hiri tino pai.
- He ngāwari ki te tiaki, ā, he hototahi ki ngā pūnaha aunoa.
5.2 Ngā Huakore:
- Ka āraia te ara rere e te kōpae takirere ina tuwhera, ka hua ake te ngaronga o te pēhanga. - He iti te kaha whakawhāiti i ngā tono pēhanga teitei, ka puta pea te pokanga.
- Ka tere ake te pakaru o ngā nohoanga takirere ngohengohe i roto i ngā mea whakakoi.
- Ki te tere rawa te kati, ka pā mai pea he hama wai.
- Ko ētahi hoahoa e hiahia ana ki ngā taipana tīmatanga teitei ake, e hiahia ana hoki ki ngā kaiwhakaoho kaha ake.
6. Me pēhea te Tāuta i te Takirere Pūrerehua
I te wā tāutanga, whakaritea te parirau takirere ki te parirau paipa, me te whakarite kia ōrite ngā kōhao pūtu.
Whakauruhia he gasket hei hiri.
Whakamaua ki ngā pūtu me ngā nati, me te whakapūmau kia ōrite kia kore ai e hē te āhua.
Ko ngā takirere takirua e hiahia ana kia whakaritea ngā taha e rua i te wā kotahi; ka taea te whakapuru i ngā takirere momo-pū i tetahi taha i te wā kotahi.
Tirohia te nekehanga o te kōpae mā te huri i te takirere i mua i te pēhanga.
Ina tāutahia poutū, me whakanoho whakapae te kakau takirere hei ārai i te kohikohinga o te paru.
Me whai tonu i ngā aratohu a te kaihanga me ngā paerewa whakamātautau pēnei i te API 598.
7. Ngā Paerewa me ngā Ture
Ngā takirere pūrerehua flangedme tutuki ngā paerewa haumaru me te mahi tahi:
- Hoahoa: API 609, EN 593, ASME B16.34. - Whakamatau: API 598, EN 12266-1, ISO 5208.
- Nga Rawe: ASME B16.5, DIN, JIS.
- Tiwhikete: CE, SIL3, API 607'(haumaru ahi).
8. Te Whakataurite ki Ētahi Atu Takirere
Ki te whakaritea ki ngā takirere kēti, he tere ake te mahi a ngā takirere pūrerehua flanged, ā, he kaha ki te whakawhāiti, engari he iti ake te ātete ki te rere.
Ki te whakaritea ki ngā takirere pōro, he iti ake te ōhanga mō ngā diameter nui ake, engari ka nui ake te ngaronga pēhanga i te wā e tuwhera ana.
He pai ake te tika o te whakakā o ngā takirere porowhita, engari he nui ake, he nui ake hoki te utu.
I te nuinga, he tino pai ngā takirere pūrerehua i ngā tono iti te wāhi me te utu.